PASSPORT INDEX 2023
The 2023 Passport Index ranks every country in the world based on the quality of their passport. Over 200 countries & territories are reviewed and updated on an annual basis. The ranking also offers valuable information regarding the number of visa-free destinations, dual citizenship and more. The STC Passport index was launched in 2016 and remains the only one that indexes visa-free destinations according to their popularity and authorized length of stay. Since 2018, the STC Passport Index has been simplified. We spent our time finding the most accurate and simple way for a Global Citizen to evaluate the value of a passport. Simply giving the number of visa-free countries one can travel can be deceiving. Only a few countries are truly valuable to those who are considering a second passport. For example, Barbados has a Visa-Free Count of 136, and Bermuda also has a Visa-Free Count of 136. An inaccurate passport Index would rank Barbados passport as equal to that of the Bahamas. In reality, however, the Bahamian passport is more valuable than its Barbadian counterpart because it allows visa-free travel to the United States. This is one reason why the visa-free score is deceiving, as countries can assign visa waivers to tiny jurisdictions to increase their score and give the illusion that their passport will enable you to travel to the places you desire. Our analysis of the travel world left us with the conclusion that two regions are key to those looking to buy a passport: Europe and the USA. Other important destinations like the UK, China or Russia don’t carry as much weight. Passports with the label US & EU are the most valuable and represent the “Gold Standard” for passports. Generally speaking, visa-free travel to the US comes with an additional 130 other countries. In practical terms, most passports with visa-free travel to the US also offer visa-free travel to Europe.
Journalists and other publishers: We cordially invite journalists and content creators to utilize the valuable insights provided by the Global Residence Index in your publications. We kindly request that you attribute the source and, if possible, include a link to our website to allow readers to further explore our comprehensive data.
| Rank | Rating | Country | PassIndex | Visa-Free Count | Passport Value ($) | Dual |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gold (US & EU) | Finland | 0.99 | 190 | $1,235,000 | Y |
| 2 | Gold (US & EU) | Germany | 0.99 | 191 | $1,224,000 | Y* |
| 3 | Gold (US & EU) | Sweden | 0.99 | 189 | $1,211,000 | Y |
| 4 | Gold (US & EU) | Italy | 0.99 | 190 | $1,210,000 | Y |
| 5 | Gold (US & EU) | Denmark | 0.99 | 190 | $1,207,000 | Y |
| 6 | Gold (US & EU) | United Kingdom | 0.98 | 187 | $1,186,000 | Y |
| 7 | Gold (US & EU) | France | 0.98 | 188 | $1,178,000 | Y |
| 8 | Gold (US & EU) | Switzerland | 0.98 | 188 | $1,159,000 | Y |
| 9 | Gold (US & EU) | Luxembourg | 0.98 | 189 | $1,157,000 | Y |
| 10 | Gold (US & EU) | Greece | 0.97 | 187 | $1,132,000 | Y |
| 11 | Gold (US & EU) | Hungary | 0.97 | 182 | $1,127,000 | Y |
| 12 | Gold (US & EU) | Spain | 0.97 | 189 | $1,126,000 | Y/N* |
| 13 | Gold (US & EU) | Austria | 0.97 | 187 | $1,115,000 | Y/N* |
| 14 | Gold (US & EU) | Czech Republic | 0.97 | 185 | $1,114,000 | N |
| 15 | Gold (US & EU) | Norway | 0.97 | 186 | $1,102,000 | N* |
| 16 | Gold (US & EU) | Belgium | 0.97 | 187 | $1,094,000 | Y |
| 17 | Gold (US & EU) | Slovakia | 0.97 | 183 | $1,091,000 | N |
| 18 | Gold (US & EU) | Netherlands | 0.97 | 188 | $1,089,000 | N* |
| 19 | Gold (US & EU) | Estonia | 0.97 | 182 | $1,086,000 | N |
| 20 | Gold (US & EU) | Slovenia | 0.96 | 183 | $1,078,000 | Y/N* |
| 21 | Gold (US & EU) | Lithuania | 0.96 | 183 | $1,070,000 | N* |
| 22 | Gold (US & EU) | Iceland | 0.96 | 183 | $1,070,000 | Y |
| 23 | Gold (US & EU) | Liechtenstein | 0.96 | 179 | $1,058,000 | Y/N* |
| 24 | Gold (US & EU) | Portugal | 0.96 | 188 | $1,054,000 | Y |
| 25 | Gold (US & EU) | Malta | 0.96 | 186 | $1,049,000 | Y |
| 26 | Gold (US & EU) | Ireland | 0.96 | 186 | $1,043,000 | Y |
| 27 | Gold (US & EU) | Latvia | 0.95 | 182 | $1,019,000 | Y* |
| 28 | Silver (EU) | Bulgaria | 0.93 | 172 | $907,000 | Y |
| 29 | Gold (US & EU) | Poland | 0.92 | 176 | $877,000 | Y |
| 30 | Silver (EU) | Romania | 0.92 | 173 | $875,000 | Y |
| 31 | Silver (EU) | Cyprus | 0.92 | 177 | $870,000 | Y |
| 32 | Gold (US & EU) | Croatia | 0.91 | 171 | $807,000 | Y |
| 33 | Gold (US & EU) | South Korea | 0.83 | 188 | $525,000 | Y/N* |
| 34 | Gold (US & EU) | United States | 0.83 | 188 | $523,000 | Y |
| 35 | Gold (US & EU) | Canada | 0.82 | 187 | $487,000 | Y |
| 36 | Gold (US & EU) | Chile | 0.81 | 177 | $470,000 | Y |
| 36 | Gold (US & EU) | Japan | 0.81 | 191 | $460,000 | N |
| 37 | Gold (US & EU) | Singapore | 0.8 | 189 | $430,000 | N |
| 38 | Gold (US & EU) | San Marino | 0.78 | 169 | $399,000 | N |
| 39 | Gold (US & EU) | New Zealand | 0.78 | 183 | $392,000 | Y |
| 40 | Silver (EU) | Brazil | 0.78 | 175 | $389,000 | Y |
| 41 | Gold (US & EU) | Australia | 0.78 | 185 | $381,000 | Y |
| 42 | Gold (US & EU) | Monaco | 0.77 | 176 | $375,000 | N |
| 43 | Gold (US & EU) | Andorra | 0.76 | 169 | $349,000 | Y |
| 44 | Silver (EU) | United Arab Emirates | 0.76 | 167 | $344,000 | N |
| 45 | Silver (EU) | Hong Kong | 0.75 | 171 | $329,000 | N |
| 46 | Silver (EU) | Argentina | 0.74 | 143 | $303,000 | Y |
| 47 | Silver (EU) | Malaysia | 0.74 | 176 | $296,000 | Y/N* |
| 48 | Gold (US & EU) | Israel | 0.73 | 160 | $288,000 | Y |
| 49 | Silver (EU) | Mexico | 0.73 | 160 | $285,000 | Y |
| 50 | Gold (US & EU) | Bermuda | 0.73 | 163 | $282,000 | Y |
| 51 | Gold (US & EU) | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.72 | 163 | $275,000 | Y |
| 52 | Silver (EU) | Uruguay | 0.72 | 155 | $272,000 | Y |
| 53 | Gold (US & EU) | Bahamas | 0.72 | 157 | $271,000 | Y |
| 54 | Gold (US & EU) | Cayman Islands | 0.72 | 161 | $261,000 | Y |
| 55 | Gold (US & EU) | British Virgin Islands | 0.71 | 161 | $260,000 | Y |
| 56 | Silver (EU) | Barbados | 0.71 | 159 | $256,000 | Y |
| 57 | Silver (EU) | Gibraltar | 0.71 | 161 | $249,000 | Y |
| 58 | Gold (US & EU) | Brunei | 0.7 | 165 | $243,000 | N |
| 59 | Silver (EU) | Anguilla | 0.69 | 159 | $225,000 | Y |
| 60 | Silver (EU) | Paraguay | 0.69 | 145 | $218,000 | Y |
| 61 | Silver (EU) | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.68 | 153 | $213,000 | Y |
| 62 | Silver (EU) | Costa Rica | 0.68 | 151 | $210,000 | Y |
| 63 | Silver (EU) | Macau | 0.68 | 142 | $204,000 | N |
| 64 | Gold (US & EU) | Vatican City | 0.68 | 151 | $203,000 | Y |
| 65 | Silver (EU) | Panama | 0.67 | 143 | $192,000 | Y/N* |
| 66 | Silver (EU) | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.67 | 150 | $190,000 | Y |
| 67 | Silver (EU) | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.66 | 146 | $181,000 | Y |
| 68 | Silver (EU) | Seychelles | 0.66 | 154 | $179,000 | Y |
| 69 | Gold (US & EU) | Taiwan | 0.65 | 149 | $176,000 | Y/N* |
| 70 | Silver (EU) | Mauritius | 0.65 | 148 | $175,000 | Y |
| 71 | Silver (EU) | Grenada | 0.65 | 144 | $174,000 | Y |
| 72 | Silver (EU) | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.65 | 148 | $172,000 | Y |
| 73 | Silver (EU) | Peru | 0.65 | 137 | $169,000 | Y |
| 74 | Silver (EU) | Honduras | 0.65 | 137 | $166,000 | Y |
| 75 | Silver (EU) | El Salvador | 0.64 | 136 | $161,000 | Y |
| 76 | Silver (EU) | Serbia | 0.63 | 132 | $152,000 | Y |
| 77 | Silver (EU) | Ukraine | 0.63 | 130 | $151,000 | N |
| 78 | Silver (EU) | Guatemala | 0.63 | 136 | $146,000 | Y |
| 79 | Silver (EU) | Venezuela | 0.62 | 137 | $145,000 | Y |
| 80 | Silver (EU) | Saint Lucia | 0.62 | 145 | $141,000 | Y |
| 81 | Silver (EU) | Dominica | 0.61 | 137 | $135,000 | Y |
| 82 | Gold (US & EU) | Marshall Islands | 0.61 | 126 | $129,000 | N |
| 83 | Gold (US & EU) | Palau | 0.6 | 121 | $120,000 | Y |
| 84 | Silver (EU) | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.59 | 118 | $119,000 | Y |
| 85 | Silver (EU) | Montenegro | 0.59 | 124 | $118,000 | N |
| 86 | Silver (EU) | North Macedonia | 0.59 | 127 | $118,000 | N |
| 87 | Silver (EU) | Colombia | 0.59 | 126 | $113,000 | Y |
| 88 | Silver (EU) | Nicaragua | 0.58 | 129 | $111,000 | Y |
| 89 | Silver (EU) | Moldova | 0.58 | 122 | $110,000 | Y |
| 90 | Gold (US & EU) | Micronesia | 0.58 | 122 | $110,000 | N |
| 91 | Silver (EU) | Vanuatu | 0.57 | 133 | $102,000 | Y |
| 92 | Silver (EU) | Samoa | 0.57 | 132 | $101,000 | Y |
| 93 | Silver (EU) | Solomon Islands | 0.57 | 133 | $99,000 | N* |
| 94 | Silver (EU) | Georgia | 0.56 | 116 | $96,000 | N |
| 95 | Silver (EU) | Tuvalu | 0.56 | 129 | $92,000 | Y |
| 96 | Silver (EU) | Tonga | 0.56 | 127 | $91,000 | Y |
| 97 | Silver (EU) | Albania | 0.55 | 118 | $90,000 | Y |
| 98 | Silver (EU) | Kiribati | 0.55 | 124 | $86,000 | N |
| 99 | Silver (EU) | Timor-Leste | 0.47 | 97 | $54,000 | Y |
| 100 | Russia | 0.4 | 119 | $37,000 | Y | |
| 101 | Turkey | 0.35 | 113 | $32,000 | Y | |
| 102 | Kuwait | 0.3 | 92 | $28,000 | N | |
| 103 | Ecuador | 0.29 | 95 | $28,000 | Y | |
| 104 | Bronze (UK) | Belize | 0.29 | 102 | $28,000 | Y |
| 105 | South Africa | 0.28 | 101 | $27,000 | Y* | |
| 106 | Qatar | 0.27 | 87 | $27,000 | N | |
| 107 | Jamaica | 0.26 | 87 | $27,000 | Y | |
| 108 | Belarus | 0.26 | 78 | $26,000 | Y | |
| 109 | Fiji | 0.25 | 90 | $26,000 | Y | |
| 110 | Bahrain | 0.24 | 79 | $26,000 | N | |
| 111 | Guyana | 0.24 | 89 | $26,000 | N | |
| 112 | Thailand | 0.24 | 77 | $26,000 | N | |
| 113 | Oman | 0.23 | 75 | $26,000 | N | |
| 114 | Suriname | 0.22 | 81 | $26,000 | N | |
| 115 | Bronze (UK) | Maldives | 0.22 | 86 | $26,000 | Y |
| 116 | Bolivia | 0.22 | 80 | $26,000 | Y | |
| 117 | Kazakhstan | 0.22 | 77 | $26,000 | N | |
| 118 | Saudi Arabia | 0.22 | 74 | $26,000 | N | |
| 119 | Bronze (UK) | Nauru | 0.21 | 88 | $25,000 | Y |
| 120 | Bronze (UK) | Papua New Guinea | 0.2 | 85 | $25,000 | N |
| 121 | Armenia | 0.2 | 63 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 122 | Bronze (UK) | Botswana | 0.2 | 83 | $25,000 | N |
| 123 | Bronze (UK) | Namibia | 0.2 | 78 | $25,000 | Y/N* |
| 124 | Azerbaijan | 0.19 | 68 | $25,000 | N* | |
| 125 | China | 0.19 | 77 | $25,000 | N | |
| 126 | Indonesia | 0.19 | 72 | $25,000 | N | |
| 127 | Dominican Republic | 0.18 | 67 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 128 | Mongolia | 0.18 | 63 | $25,000 | N | |
| 129 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.18 | 65 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 130 | Lesotho | 0.17 | 77 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 131 | Tunisia | 0.17 | 70 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 132 | Eswatini | 0.17 | 76 | $25,000 | N | |
| 133 | Philippines | 0.16 | 66 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 134 | Uzbekistan | 0.16 | 59 | $25,000 | N | |
| 135 | Bronze (UK) | Malawi | 0.16 | 75 | $25,000 | N |
| 136 | Morocco | 0.16 | 64 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 137 | Cape Verde | 0.16 | 67 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 138 | Tajikistan | 0.16 | 59 | $25,000 | N | |
| 139 | Zambia | 0.16 | 71 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 140 | Kenya | 0.15 | 74 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 141 | Gambia | 0.15 | 72 | $25,000 | N | |
| 142 | Tanzania | 0.15 | 72 | $25,000 | N | |
| 143 | Zimbabwe | 0.14 | 67 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 144 | India | 0.14 | 61 | $25,000 | N* | |
| 145 | Jordan | 0.14 | 51 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 146 | Ghana | 0.14 | 66 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 147 | Benin | 0.14 | 63 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 148 | Cuba | 0.13 | 65 | $25,000 | n | |
| 149 | Bhutan | 0.13 | 56 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 150 | Uganda | 0.13 | 69 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 151 | Guinea | 0.13 | 57 | $25,000 | N | |
| 152 | Senegal | 0.13 | 58 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 153 | Sierra Leone | 0.13 | 65 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 154 | Mali | 0.13 | 57 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 155 | Ivory Coast | 0.12 | 59 | $25,000 | y | |
| 156 | Haiti | 0.12 | 50 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 157 | Burkina Faso | 0.12 | 60 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 158 | Laos | 0.12 | 51 | $25,000 | N | |
| 159 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.12 | 60 | $25,000 | N | |
| 160 | Vietnam | 0.12 | 51 | $25,000 | Y/N* | |
| 161 | Egypt | 0.12 | 53 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 162 | Lebanon | 0.12 | 43 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 163 | Niger | 0.12 | 56 | $25,000 | N | |
| 164 | Gabon | 0.12 | 58 | $25,000 | N | |
| 165 | Algeria | 0.12 | 53 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 166 | Togo | 0.11 | 58 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 167 | Turkmenistan | 0.11 | 54 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 168 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.11 | 56 | $25,000 | N | |
| 169 | Madagascar | 0.11 | 57 | $25,000 | N | |
| 170 | Mozambique | 0.11 | 59 | $25,000 | N | |
| 171 | Cambodia | 0.11 | 53 | $25,000 | N* | |
| 172 | Mauritania | 0.11 | 61 | $25,000 | N | |
| 173 | Comoros | 0.11 | 56 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 174 | Angola | 0.11 | 52 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 175 | Liberia | 0.1 | 49 | $25,000 | N | |
| 176 | Myanmar | 0.1 | 48 | $25,000 | N | |
| 177 | Rwanda | 0.1 | 57 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 178 | Chad | 0.09 | 55 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 179 | Burundi | 0.09 | 51 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 180 | Iran | 0.09 | 42 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 181 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.09 | 54 | $25,000 | N | |
| 182 | Nepal | 0.08 | 40 | $25,000 | N | |
| 183 | Kosovo | 0.08 | 43 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 184 | Central African Republic | 0.08 | 52 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 185 | Congo | 0.08 | 50 | $25,000 | N | |
| 186 | Nigeria | 0.08 | 47 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 187 | Djibouti | 0.08 | 47 | $25,000 | N | |
| 188 | South Sudan | 0.08 | 43 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 189 | Sri Lanka | 0.07 | 43 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 190 | Cameroon | 0.07 | 49 | $25,000 | N | |
| 191 | DR Congo | 0.07 | 45 | $25,000 | N | |
| 192 | Ethiopia | 0.07 | 44 | $25,000 | N | |
| 193 | Sudan | 0.07 | 41 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 194 | Palestine | 0.07 | 39 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 195 | Libya | 0.07 | 40 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 196 | North Korea | 0.07 | 41 | $25,000 | N | |
| 197 | Eritrea | 0.06 | 42 | $25,000 | N* | |
| 198 | Bangladesh | 0.06 | 41 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 199 | Syria | 0.06 | 32 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 200 | Yemen | 0.06 | 33 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 201 | Iraq | 0.05 | 29 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 202 | Somalia | 0.05 | 33 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 203 | Pakistan | 0.05 | 32 | $25,000 | Y* | |
| 204 | Afghanistan | 0.03 | 26 | $25,000 | N |
The electronic visa delivery time were taken from their relevant official government website.
The number of annual travelers to a given country compiled annually by UNWTO. http://www.e-unwto.org/
Dual Citizenship information was taken from our data-base taken in turn by each country citizenship law.
The Passport Index is made by Stephane Tajick.
Methodology
The data presented here was initially collected in summer 2020 and updated in January 2023. It does not include temporary restrictions due to COVID-19. Visa Information was taken from the official government websites (see SOURCES on the website). The electronic visa delivery times were taken from the relevant official government websites (see SOURCES on the website). There are discrepancies between the IATA timatic website and information provided by governments, which makes it difficult to evaluate the reliability of some information. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that all our information is correct. Nevertheless, we spent additional time looking into each country’s policy to determine the visa policy of each, above and beyond what is commonly known and accessible on timatic.
Status GOLD: Visa-free travel to the US & EU SILVER: Visa-free travel to the EU BRONZE: Visa-free travel to the UK
Destinations: We have included in our list of countries all the nations recognized by the UN, with the addition of Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and Kosovo. Our list of countries can vary with other passport rankings, thus giving different visa-free counts.
Visa-Free: Visa-free travel includes all destinations accessible by visa-free travel, visa-on-arrival, electronic visas delivered in under 24h and visa-free on transit for lengths of more than 24h. Stays via transit allow the traveller to access the country without holding a visa, as long as its final destination is somewhere else.
Passport Value: The passport Value is estimated based on the current market price and at the demand/supply equilibrium of 1000 applications a year. This is estimated for 1 applicant per application. It represents only the value of the passport as a travel document and does not include additional benefits derived from being a national.
Passport Index: The index is a result of the ability to travel visa-free to a given territory relative to its importance as a destination and the amount of time one is allowed to stay there. The importance is based on the number of annual travellers to a given country (as compiled annually by UNWTO) and how long a traveller is allowed to stay in the jurisdiction.
Dual Citizenship: Elaborates on the possibility of obtaining dual citizenship. In some cases, you will need to refer to the notes for a more detailed explanation.
Length of Stay: Length of stay may include extensions or extended stays available for purchase on arrival. Length of stay is normally for tourist reasons unless visa-free access is possible only for business reasons.
Dual Citizenship Notes:
| Country | Note |
|---|---|
| Algeria | Citizenship given only to Muslims whose father and paternal grandfather were Muslims |
| Chile | Only with Spain |
| Denmark | Dual accepted for foreign nationals effective sept 2015 |
| Germany | Allowed in some cases. You need to aplly to the government in order to keep your previous or German citizenship. |
| Hong-Kong | Chinese citizenship |
| India | except those who acquire a other citizenship by birth |
| Latvia | Dual accept if for special interest or with EU, EFTA, NATO, Australia, NZ, Brazil, child of citizen of Latvia make decision at 25y |
| Liechtenstein | Not allowed if you want to acquire the citizenship of Liechtenstein |
| Lithuania | Allowed in limited circumstances, but now from normal circumstances |
| Macau | Chinese Citizenship |
| Malaysia | Acquisitions of new nationality not allowed |
| Netherlands | No dual but with some exception ex: You will lose certain rights when giving up your current nationality leading to serious financial losses, for example with respect to laws of succession. You must be able to demonstrate this. |
| Norway | No dual, but no need to renounce if its automaticly lost like China or if you need to fly to a country at war for renouciation, if you losing property, inheritance or rights |
| Pakistan | Allowed with Australia, Belgium, Canada, Egypt, France, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, the United Kingdom, and the United States. |
| Panama | Panamian are allowed dual citizenship, naturalized foreigners must renounce their previous citizenship. |
| Slovenia | Naturlized foreigners must forfeit their previous citizenship |
| South-Africa | Citizens must apply for permission to the government |
| South-Korea | Allowed to Immigrant Investors |
| Spain | Citizens must apply to the government in order to be permitted dual citizenship except for Ibero-American countries. Foreigners must oraly declare that they renounce their former nationality, except for nationals of Ibero-American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea and Portugal. Some country don’t recognize the loss. |
| Taiwan | Foreign nationals must forfeit their previous citizenship |
| Vietnam | Foreigners via parents or marriage can keep their previous citizenship, so do thoses who make a special contribution to Vietnam. |
Passport by Investment
If you are interested in obtaining seconds passports for you and your family, you may visit our related pages, such as the ones about the Vanuatu Passport Investment, Saint Lucia Passport Investment, and Dominica Passport Investment.