2023 PASSPORT INDEX BY GLOBAL RESIDENCE INDEX™
Latest update: November 15, 2023
The Passport Index by Global Residence Index™ provides a comprehensive ranking of countries worldwide based on the strength and benefits of their passports.
It evaluates over 204 countries and territories, updating the data regularly. This ranking is unique not only in terms of the number of visa-free travel destinations it considers but also in its analysis of dual citizenship opportunities and more.
Since 2016, the Passport Index by Global Residence Index™ stands out as the only tool that categorizes visa-free destinations by their popularity and the permitted length of stay.
This approach is crucial because simply listing the number of visa-free countries can be misleading.
For example, while both Barbados and Bermuda have a Visa-Free Count of 136, the Bahamian passport is more advantageous than the Barbadian one due to its visa-free access to the United States.
Such nuances are often overlooked in other indexes, which may inflate their scores by including visa waivers from smaller, less significant jurisdictions. This can create a false perception of the actual travel freedom a passport offers.
Our analysis indicates that Europe and the USA are the most sought-after regions for passport acquisition. Other major destinations like the UK, China, and Russia are less influential in this context.
Passports granting entry to the US and EU are deemed the most valuable, setting the "Gold Standard" in passport rankings.
Journalists and other publishers: We invite journalists and content creators to utilize the insights provided by the Global Residence Index in your publications. We kindly request that you attribute the source and include a link to our website to allow readers to explore our data and tools further.
Gain a Powerful Passport through Investment
Interested in acquiring citizenship in a new country through investment? Several countries offer legal pathways to citizenship with no language tests, interviews, or required visits, simply through qualifying investments or donations. Our expert team can guide you through this straightforward and fully legal process. Click here to learn how you can obtain citizenship by investment in as little as three months
| Rank | Rating | Country | PassIndex | Visa-Free Count | Passport Value ($) | Dual |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gold (US & EU) | Finland | 0.99 | 190 | $1,235,000 | Y |
| 2 | Gold (US & EU) | Germany | 0.99 | 191 | $1,224,000 | Y* |
| 3 | Gold (US & EU) | Sweden | 0.99 | 189 | $1,211,000 | Y |
| 4 | Gold (US & EU) | Italy | 0.99 | 190 | $1,210,000 | Y |
| 5 | Gold (US & EU) | Denmark | 0.99 | 190 | $1,207,000 | Y |
| 6 | Gold (US & EU) | United Kingdom | 0.98 | 187 | $1,186,000 | Y |
| 7 | Gold (US & EU) | France | 0.98 | 188 | $1,178,000 | Y |
| 8 | Gold (US & EU) | Switzerland | 0.98 | 188 | $1,159,000 | Y |
| 9 | Gold (US & EU) | Luxembourg | 0.98 | 189 | $1,157,000 | Y |
| 10 | Gold (US & EU) | Greece | 0.97 | 187 | $1,132,000 | Y |
| 11 | Gold (US & EU) | Hungary | 0.97 | 182 | $1,127,000 | Y |
| 12 | Gold (US & EU) | Spain | 0.97 | 189 | $1,126,000 | Y/N* |
| 13 | Gold (US & EU) | Austria | 0.97 | 187 | $1,115,000 | Y/N* |
| 14 | Gold (US & EU) | Czech Republic | 0.97 | 185 | $1,114,000 | N |
| 15 | Gold (US & EU) | Norway | 0.97 | 186 | $1,102,000 | N* |
| 16 | Gold (US & EU) | Belgium | 0.97 | 187 | $1,094,000 | Y |
| 17 | Gold (US & EU) | Slovakia | 0.97 | 183 | $1,091,000 | N |
| 18 | Gold (US & EU) | Netherlands | 0.97 | 188 | $1,089,000 | N* |
| 19 | Gold (US & EU) | Estonia | 0.97 | 182 | $1,086,000 | N |
| 20 | Gold (US & EU) | Slovenia | 0.96 | 183 | $1,078,000 | Y/N* |
| 21 | Gold (US & EU) | Lithuania | 0.96 | 183 | $1,070,000 | N* |
| 22 | Gold (US & EU) | Iceland | 0.96 | 183 | $1,070,000 | Y |
| 23 | Gold (US & EU) | Liechtenstein | 0.96 | 179 | $1,058,000 | Y/N* |
| 24 | Gold (US & EU) | Portugal | 0.96 | 188 | $1,054,000 | Y |
| 25 | Gold (US & EU) | Malta | 0.96 | 186 | $1,049,000 | Y |
| 26 | Gold (US & EU) | Ireland | 0.96 | 186 | $1,043,000 | Y |
| 27 | Gold (US & EU) | Latvia | 0.95 | 182 | $1,019,000 | Y* |
| 28 | Silver (EU) | Bulgaria | 0.93 | 172 | $907,000 | Y |
| 29 | Gold (US & EU) | Poland | 0.92 | 176 | $877,000 | Y |
| 30 | Silver (EU) | Romania | 0.92 | 173 | $875,000 | Y |
| 31 | Silver (EU) | Cyprus | 0.92 | 177 | $870,000 | Y |
| 32 | Gold (US & EU) | Croatia | 0.91 | 171 | $807,000 | Y |
| 33 | Gold (US & EU) | South Korea | 0.83 | 188 | $525,000 | Y/N* |
| 34 | Gold (US & EU) | United States | 0.83 | 188 | $523,000 | Y |
| 35 | Gold (US & EU) | Canada | 0.82 | 187 | $487,000 | Y |
| 36 | Gold (US & EU) | Chile | 0.81 | 177 | $470,000 | Y |
| 36 | Gold (US & EU) | Japan | 0.81 | 191 | $460,000 | N |
| 37 | Gold (US & EU) | Singapore | 0.8 | 189 | $430,000 | N |
| 38 | Gold (US & EU) | San Marino | 0.78 | 169 | $399,000 | N |
| 39 | Gold (US & EU) | New Zealand | 0.78 | 183 | $392,000 | Y |
| 40 | Silver (EU) | Brazil | 0.78 | 175 | $389,000 | Y |
| 41 | Gold (US & EU) | Australia | 0.78 | 185 | $381,000 | Y |
| 42 | Gold (US & EU) | Monaco | 0.77 | 176 | $375,000 | N |
| 43 | Gold (US & EU) | Andorra | 0.76 | 169 | $349,000 | Y |
| 44 | Silver (EU) | United Arab Emirates | 0.76 | 167 | $344,000 | N |
| 45 | Silver (EU) | Hong Kong | 0.75 | 171 | $329,000 | N |
| 46 | Silver (EU) | Argentina | 0.74 | 143 | $303,000 | Y |
| 47 | Silver (EU) | Malaysia | 0.74 | 176 | $296,000 | Y/N* |
| 48 | Gold (US & EU) | Israel | 0.73 | 160 | $288,000 | Y |
| 49 | Silver (EU) | Mexico | 0.73 | 160 | $285,000 | Y |
| 50 | Gold (US & EU) | Bermuda | 0.73 | 163 | $282,000 | Y |
| 51 | Gold (US & EU) | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.72 | 163 | $275,000 | Y |
| 52 | Silver (EU) | Uruguay | 0.72 | 155 | $272,000 | Y |
| 53 | Gold (US & EU) | Bahamas | 0.72 | 157 | $271,000 | Y |
| 54 | Gold (US & EU) | Cayman Islands | 0.72 | 161 | $261,000 | Y |
| 55 | Gold (US & EU) | British Virgin Islands | 0.71 | 161 | $260,000 | Y |
| 56 | Silver (EU) | Barbados | 0.71 | 159 | $256,000 | Y |
| 57 | Silver (EU) | Gibraltar | 0.71 | 161 | $249,000 | Y |
| 58 | Gold (US & EU) | Brunei | 0.7 | 165 | $243,000 | N |
| 59 | Silver (EU) | Anguilla | 0.69 | 159 | $225,000 | Y |
| 60 | Silver (EU) | Paraguay | 0.69 | 145 | $218,000 | Y |
| 61 | Silver (EU) | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.68 | 153 | $213,000 | Y |
| 62 | Silver (EU) | Costa Rica | 0.68 | 151 | $210,000 | Y |
| 63 | Silver (EU) | Macau | 0.68 | 142 | $204,000 | N |
| 64 | Gold (US & EU) | Vatican City | 0.68 | 151 | $203,000 | Y |
| 65 | Silver (EU) | Panama | 0.67 | 143 | $192,000 | Y/N* |
| 66 | Silver (EU) | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.67 | 150 | $190,000 | Y |
| 67 | Silver (EU) | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.66 | 146 | $181,000 | Y |
| 68 | Silver (EU) | Seychelles | 0.66 | 154 | $179,000 | Y |
| 69 | Gold (US & EU) | Taiwan | 0.65 | 149 | $176,000 | Y/N* |
| 70 | Silver (EU) | Mauritius | 0.65 | 148 | $175,000 | Y |
| 71 | Silver (EU) | Grenada | 0.65 | 144 | $174,000 | Y |
| 72 | Silver (EU) | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.65 | 148 | $172,000 | Y |
| 73 | Silver (EU) | Peru | 0.65 | 137 | $169,000 | Y |
| 74 | Silver (EU) | Honduras | 0.65 | 137 | $166,000 | Y |
| 75 | Silver (EU) | El Salvador | 0.64 | 136 | $161,000 | Y |
| 76 | Silver (EU) | Serbia | 0.63 | 132 | $152,000 | Y |
| 77 | Silver (EU) | Ukraine | 0.63 | 130 | $151,000 | N |
| 78 | Silver (EU) | Guatemala | 0.63 | 136 | $146,000 | Y |
| 79 | Silver (EU) | Venezuela | 0.62 | 137 | $145,000 | Y |
| 80 | Silver (EU) | Saint Lucia | 0.62 | 145 | $141,000 | Y |
| 81 | Silver (EU) | Dominica | 0.61 | 137 | $135,000 | Y |
| 82 | Gold (US & EU) | Marshall Islands | 0.61 | 126 | $129,000 | N |
| 83 | Gold (US & EU) | Palau | 0.6 | 121 | $120,000 | Y |
| 84 | Silver (EU) | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.59 | 118 | $119,000 | Y |
| 85 | Silver (EU) | Montenegro | 0.59 | 124 | $118,000 | N |
| 86 | Silver (EU) | North Macedonia | 0.59 | 127 | $118,000 | N |
| 87 | Silver (EU) | Colombia | 0.59 | 126 | $113,000 | Y |
| 88 | Silver (EU) | Nicaragua | 0.58 | 129 | $111,000 | Y |
| 89 | Silver (EU) | Moldova | 0.58 | 122 | $110,000 | Y |
| 90 | Gold (US & EU) | Micronesia | 0.58 | 122 | $110,000 | N |
| 91 | Silver (EU) | Vanuatu | 0.57 | 133 | $102,000 | Y |
| 92 | Silver (EU) | Samoa | 0.57 | 132 | $101,000 | Y |
| 93 | Silver (EU) | Solomon Islands | 0.57 | 133 | $99,000 | N* |
| 94 | Silver (EU) | Georgia | 0.56 | 116 | $96,000 | N |
| 95 | Silver (EU) | Tuvalu | 0.56 | 129 | $92,000 | Y |
| 96 | Silver (EU) | Tonga | 0.56 | 127 | $91,000 | Y |
| 97 | Silver (EU) | Albania | 0.55 | 118 | $90,000 | Y |
| 98 | Silver (EU) | Kiribati | 0.55 | 124 | $86,000 | N |
| 99 | Silver (EU) | Timor-Leste | 0.47 | 97 | $54,000 | Y |
| 100 | Russia | 0.4 | 119 | $37,000 | Y | |
| 101 | Turkey | 0.35 | 113 | $32,000 | Y | |
| 102 | Kuwait | 0.3 | 92 | $28,000 | N | |
| 103 | Ecuador | 0.29 | 95 | $28,000 | Y | |
| 104 | Bronze (UK) | Belize | 0.29 | 102 | $28,000 | Y |
| 105 | South Africa | 0.28 | 101 | $27,000 | Y* | |
| 106 | Qatar | 0.27 | 87 | $27,000 | N | |
| 107 | Jamaica | 0.26 | 87 | $27,000 | Y | |
| 108 | Belarus | 0.26 | 78 | $26,000 | Y | |
| 109 | Fiji | 0.25 | 90 | $26,000 | Y | |
| 110 | Bahrain | 0.24 | 79 | $26,000 | N | |
| 111 | Guyana | 0.24 | 89 | $26,000 | N | |
| 112 | Thailand | 0.24 | 77 | $26,000 | N | |
| 113 | Oman | 0.23 | 75 | $26,000 | N | |
| 114 | Suriname | 0.22 | 81 | $26,000 | N | |
| 115 | Bronze (UK) | Maldives | 0.22 | 86 | $26,000 | Y |
| 116 | Bolivia | 0.22 | 80 | $26,000 | Y | |
| 117 | Kazakhstan | 0.22 | 77 | $26,000 | N | |
| 118 | Saudi Arabia | 0.22 | 74 | $26,000 | N | |
| 119 | Bronze (UK) | Nauru | 0.21 | 88 | $25,000 | Y |
| 120 | Bronze (UK) | Papua New Guinea | 0.2 | 85 | $25,000 | N |
| 121 | Armenia | 0.2 | 63 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 122 | Bronze (UK) | Botswana | 0.2 | 83 | $25,000 | N |
| 123 | Bronze (UK) | Namibia | 0.2 | 78 | $25,000 | Y/N* |
| 124 | Azerbaijan | 0.19 | 68 | $25,000 | N* | |
| 125 | China | 0.19 | 77 | $25,000 | N | |
| 126 | Indonesia | 0.19 | 72 | $25,000 | N | |
| 127 | Dominican Republic | 0.18 | 67 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 128 | Mongolia | 0.18 | 63 | $25,000 | N | |
| 129 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.18 | 65 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 130 | Lesotho | 0.17 | 77 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 131 | Tunisia | 0.17 | 70 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 132 | Eswatini | 0.17 | 76 | $25,000 | N | |
| 133 | Philippines | 0.16 | 66 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 134 | Uzbekistan | 0.16 | 59 | $25,000 | N | |
| 135 | Bronze (UK) | Malawi | 0.16 | 75 | $25,000 | N |
| 136 | Morocco | 0.16 | 64 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 137 | Cape Verde | 0.16 | 67 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 138 | Tajikistan | 0.16 | 59 | $25,000 | N | |
| 139 | Zambia | 0.16 | 71 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 140 | Kenya | 0.15 | 74 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 141 | Gambia | 0.15 | 72 | $25,000 | N | |
| 142 | Tanzania | 0.15 | 72 | $25,000 | N | |
| 143 | Zimbabwe | 0.14 | 67 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 144 | India | 0.14 | 61 | $25,000 | N* | |
| 145 | Jordan | 0.14 | 51 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 146 | Ghana | 0.14 | 66 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 147 | Benin | 0.14 | 63 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 148 | Cuba | 0.13 | 65 | $25,000 | n | |
| 149 | Bhutan | 0.13 | 56 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 150 | Uganda | 0.13 | 69 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 151 | Guinea | 0.13 | 57 | $25,000 | N | |
| 152 | Senegal | 0.13 | 58 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 153 | Sierra Leone | 0.13 | 65 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 154 | Mali | 0.13 | 57 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 155 | Ivory Coast | 0.12 | 59 | $25,000 | y | |
| 156 | Haiti | 0.12 | 50 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 157 | Burkina Faso | 0.12 | 60 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 158 | Laos | 0.12 | 51 | $25,000 | N | |
| 159 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.12 | 60 | $25,000 | N | |
| 160 | Vietnam | 0.12 | 51 | $25,000 | Y/N* | |
| 161 | Egypt | 0.12 | 53 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 162 | Lebanon | 0.12 | 43 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 163 | Niger | 0.12 | 56 | $25,000 | N | |
| 164 | Gabon | 0.12 | 58 | $25,000 | N | |
| 165 | Algeria | 0.12 | 53 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 166 | Togo | 0.11 | 58 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 167 | Turkmenistan | 0.11 | 54 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 168 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.11 | 56 | $25,000 | N | |
| 169 | Madagascar | 0.11 | 57 | $25,000 | N | |
| 170 | Mozambique | 0.11 | 59 | $25,000 | N | |
| 171 | Cambodia | 0.11 | 53 | $25,000 | N* | |
| 172 | Mauritania | 0.11 | 61 | $25,000 | N | |
| 173 | Comoros | 0.11 | 56 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 174 | Angola | 0.11 | 52 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 175 | Liberia | 0.1 | 49 | $25,000 | N | |
| 176 | Myanmar | 0.1 | 48 | $25,000 | N | |
| 177 | Rwanda | 0.1 | 57 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 178 | Chad | 0.09 | 55 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 179 | Burundi | 0.09 | 51 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 180 | Iran | 0.09 | 42 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 181 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.09 | 54 | $25,000 | N | |
| 182 | Nepal | 0.08 | 40 | $25,000 | N | |
| 183 | Kosovo | 0.08 | 43 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 184 | Central African Republic | 0.08 | 52 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 185 | Congo | 0.08 | 50 | $25,000 | N | |
| 186 | Nigeria | 0.08 | 47 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 187 | Djibouti | 0.08 | 47 | $25,000 | N | |
| 188 | South Sudan | 0.08 | 43 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 189 | Sri Lanka | 0.07 | 43 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 190 | Cameroon | 0.07 | 49 | $25,000 | N | |
| 191 | DR Congo | 0.07 | 45 | $25,000 | N | |
| 192 | Ethiopia | 0.07 | 44 | $25,000 | N | |
| 193 | Sudan | 0.07 | 41 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 194 | Palestine | 0.07 | 39 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 195 | Libya | 0.07 | 40 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 196 | North Korea | 0.07 | 41 | $25,000 | N | |
| 197 | Eritrea | 0.06 | 42 | $25,000 | N* | |
| 198 | Bangladesh | 0.06 | 41 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 199 | Syria | 0.06 | 32 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 200 | Yemen | 0.06 | 33 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 201 | Iraq | 0.05 | 29 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 202 | Somalia | 0.05 | 33 | $25,000 | Y | |
| 203 | Pakistan | 0.05 | 32 | $25,000 | Y* | |
| 204 | Afghanistan | 0.03 | 26 | $25,000 | N |
The electronic visa delivery time were taken from their relevant official government website.
The number of annual travelers to a given country compiled annually by UNWTO. http://www.e-unwto.org/
Dual Citizenship information was taken from our data-base taken in turn by each country citizenship law.
The Passport Index is made by Stephane Tajick.
Gain a Powerful Passport through Investment
Interested in acquiring citizenship in a new country through investment? Several countries offer legal pathways to citizenship with no language tests, interviews, or required visits, simply through qualifying investments or donations. Our expert team can guide you through this straightforward and fully legal process. Click here to learn how you can obtain citizenship by investment in as little as three months
Methodology
The data presented here was initially collected in summer 2020 and updated in January 2023. It does not include temporary restrictions due to COVID-19. Visa Information was taken from the official government websites (see SOURCES on the website). The electronic visa delivery times were taken from the relevant official government websites (see SOURCES on the website). There are discrepancies between the IATA timatic website and information provided by governments, which makes it difficult to evaluate the reliability of some information. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that all our information is correct. Nevertheless, we spent additional time looking into each country’s policy to determine the visa policy of each, above and beyond what is commonly known and accessible on timatic.
Status GOLD: Visa-free travel to the US & EU SILVER: Visa-free travel to the EU BRONZE: Visa-free travel to the UK
Destinations: We have included in our list of countries all the nations recognized by the UN, with the addition of Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and Kosovo. Our list of countries can vary with other passport rankings, thus giving different visa-free counts.
Visa-Free: Visa-free travel includes all destinations accessible by visa-free travel, visa-on-arrival, electronic visas delivered in under 24h and visa-free on transit for lengths of more than 24h. Stays via transit allow the traveller to access the country without holding a visa, as long as its final destination is somewhere else.
Passport Value: The passport Value is estimated based on the current market price and at the demand/supply equilibrium of 1000 applications a year. This is estimated for 1 applicant per application. It represents only the value of the passport as a travel document and does not include additional benefits derived from being a national.
Passport Index: The index is a result of the ability to travel visa-free to a given territory relative to its importance as a destination and the amount of time one is allowed to stay there. The importance is based on the number of annual travellers to a given country (as compiled annually by UNWTO) and how long a traveller is allowed to stay in the jurisdiction.
Dual Citizenship: Elaborates on the possibility of obtaining dual citizenship. In some cases, you will need to refer to the notes for a more detailed explanation.
Length of Stay: Length of stay may include extensions or extended stays available for purchase on arrival. Length of stay is normally for tourist reasons unless visa-free access is possible only for business reasons.
Dual Citizenship Notes:
| Country | Note |
|---|---|
| Algeria | Citizenship given only to Muslims whose father and paternal grandfather were Muslims |
| Chile | Only with Spain |
| Denmark | Dual accepted for foreign nationals effective sept 2015 |
| Germany | Allowed in some cases. You need to aplly to the government in order to keep your previous or German citizenship. |
| Hong-Kong | Chinese citizenship |
| India | except those who acquire a other citizenship by birth |
| Latvia | Dual accept if for special interest or with EU, EFTA, NATO, Australia, NZ, Brazil, child of citizen of Latvia make decision at 25y |
| Liechtenstein | Not allowed if you want to acquire the citizenship of Liechtenstein |
| Lithuania | Allowed in limited circumstances, but now from normal circumstances |
| Macau | Chinese Citizenship |
| Malaysia | Acquisitions of new nationality not allowed |
| Netherlands | No dual but with some exception ex: You will lose certain rights when giving up your current nationality leading to serious financial losses, for example with respect to laws of succession. You must be able to demonstrate this. |
| Norway | No dual, but no need to renounce if its automaticly lost like China or if you need to fly to a country at war for renouciation, if you losing property, inheritance or rights |
| Pakistan | Allowed with Australia, Belgium, Canada, Egypt, France, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, the United Kingdom, and the United States. |
| Panama | Panamian are allowed dual citizenship, naturalized foreigners must renounce their previous citizenship. |
| Slovenia | Naturlized foreigners must forfeit their previous citizenship |
| South-Africa | Citizens must apply for permission to the government |
| South-Korea | Allowed to Immigrant Investors |
| Spain | Citizens must apply to the government in order to be permitted dual citizenship except for Ibero-American countries. Foreigners must oraly declare that they renounce their former nationality, except for nationals of Ibero-American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea and Portugal. Some country don’t recognize the loss. |
| Taiwan | Foreign nationals must forfeit their previous citizenship |
| Vietnam | Foreigners via parents or marriage can keep their previous citizenship, so do thoses who make a special contribution to Vietnam. |
Passport by Investment
If you are interested in obtaining seconds passports for you and your family, you may visit our related pages, such as the ones about the Vanuatu Passport Investment, Saint Lucia Passport Investment, and Dominica Passport Investment.